Celestial Mechanics

[He is] the cleaver of daybreak and has made the night for rest and the sun and moon for calculation.¹ That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.

Indeed, your Lord is Allāh, who created the heavens and earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne.¹ He covers the night with the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly; and [He created] the sun, the moon, and the stars, subjected by His command. Unquestionably, His is the creation and the command; blessed is Allāh, Lord of the worlds.

It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allāh has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know.

It is Allāh who erected the heavens without pillars that you [can] see; then He established Himself above the Throne¹ and made subject² the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. He arranges [each] matter; He details the signs that you may, of the meeting with your Lord, be certain.

And He subjected for you the sun and the moon, continuous [in orbit], and subjected for you the night and the day.

And He has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reason.

And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming.

Do you not see [i.e., know] that to Allāh prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth and the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the moving creatures and many of the people? But upon many the punishment has been justified.¹ And he whom Allāh humiliates - for him there is no bestower of honor. Indeed, Allāh does what He wills.

Do you not see that Allāh has subjected to you whatever is on the earth and the ships which run through the sea by His command? And He restrains the sky from falling upon the earth, unless by His permission. Indeed Allāh, to the people, is Kind and Merciful.

Have you not considered your Lord - how He extends the shadow, and if He willed, He could have made it stationary? Then We made the sun for it an indication.¹

Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.

If you asked them, "Who created the heavens and earth and subjected the sun and the moon?" they would surely say, "Allāh." Then how are they deluded?

Do you not see [i.e., know] that Allāh causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allāh, of whatever you do, is Aware?

He causes the night to enter the day, and He causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon - each running [its course] for a specified term. That is Allāh, your Lord; to Him belongs sovereignty. And those whom you invoke other than Him do not possess [as much as] the membrane of a date seed.

And the sun runs [on course] toward its stopping point. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.

And the moon - We have determined for it phases, until it returns [appearing] like the old date stalk.

It is not allowable [i.e., possible] for the sun to reach the moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but each, in an orbit, is swimming.

He created the heavens and earth in truth. He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. Unquestionably, He is the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver.¹

And of His signs are the night and day and the sun and moon. Do not prostrate to the sun or to the moon, but prostrate to Allāh, who created them, if it should be Him that you worship.¹

The Hour has come near, and the moon has split [in two].¹

The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation,

And made the moon therein a [reflected] light and made the sun a burning lamp?

No! By the moon

And made [therein] a burning lamp

When the sun is wrapped up [in darkness]

And [by] the moon when it becomes full

By the sun and its brightness

And [by] the moon when it follows it